A multi‐scale approach to laminated microbial deposits in non‐marine carbonate environments through examples of the Cenozoic, north‐east Iberian Peninsula, Spain

This contribution focusses on stromatolites and oncolites as tools to seek diverse environmental climate information at different temporal scales. The scales are: (a) Low frequency, dealing with macroscopic megascopic scales, (b) high involving calendar solar frequency bands. Two depositional environments are used for this purpose: Fluvial fluvial–lacustrine, which can develop under moderate gradients, in low-gradient conditions, lacustrine, subject low-gradient, hydrologically closed lake conditions. Several current ancient examples the Iberian Peninsula allow high-frequency low-frequency analyses. Within wedge-shaped units that fill high- moderate-gradient, stepped fluvial systems, form half domes lenticular bodies, commonly wedge front. Oncolites uncommon. These developed fast-flowing water cascades rapids. Their geometry extent reflect topography of bedrock later ongoing growth. In fluvial-(open) lacustrine systems tabular, low-angle have great spatial facies variability. dominant oncoid coated-stem limestones gently stacked wide, low high-sinuosity channels within wide tufaceous palustrine areas small lakes. Ebro Basin saline carbonate thin planar domed stratiform bodies associated muddy-grainy laminated carbonates very rare oncolites, together forming ramp-shaped represent inner fringes lake-level deposits. reflects surface shallow Textural structural features ranks laminae types lamination be distinguished. Texture, δ13C δ18O values consecutive laminae, useful distinguishing changes operating over time spans. Periodicity analysis help discern any significance lamination.